Isaac Newton related force and acceleration.
Constant acceleration is when the rate at which a body’s velocity or velocity changes (how much it speeds up or slows down) stays the same for a given period of time. Acceleration, velocity, and displacement are the three main quantities that describe the motion of a body. Displacement is a measure of the distance traveled by a body. Velocity describes how fast the body travels, how much distance it covers during a specific period of time. Acceleration is a measure of the change in velocity, that is, how the velocity of a body changes at a given moment.
Any object influenced by gravity is constantly accelerating.
Isaac Newton was the first to relate acceleration to force. Newton’s second law of motion states that the force acting on a body (F) can be described in terms of its mass (m) and its acceleration (a) by the equation F = ma. This means that a body subjected to a constant force will experience a constant acceleration. The metric unit of force is called the Newton (N), and a force of 1 Newton will cause a 2.2 pound (1 kg) body to accelerate at 3.28 feet (1 m) per second per second (ms 2 ) . This means that from a point of rest, after one second, the body will be moving at 3.28 feet (1 m) per second, and after 10 seconds, it will be moving at 32.8 feet (10 m) per second. .
Any object that is influenced by gravity is constantly accelerating. Newton supposedly developed his theory of gravity when an apple fell next to him while he was sitting under a tree. Whether this story is true is not known, but what is known is that Newton deduced that an apple falls due to a force acting between the Earth and the apple, and that this force is the result of their respective masses.
Before Newton, heavier objects were generally thought to fall faster than lighter objects. A heavy stone falls faster than a light feather, but that has nothing to do with their respective masses. Calculating the acceleration caused by gravity on Earth depends on the radius of the object, its mass, and a number known as the gravitational force constant. At the Earth’s surface, all objects experience a constant rate of acceleration of about 9.81 ms 2 , although this changes slightly with latitude because the Earth is not a perfect sphere.
The differences in motion between a feather and a stone when they fall are caused by the frictional force of the air particles acting on them. This force opposes gravity and is the result of their shapes, not their masses. A feather is subject to much more friction with the air than a stone. On the Moon, where there is no atmosphere, the two objects would fall at the same rate.