When choosing between an internal or external hard drive, it can be helpful to consider the types of uses and needs you have for the drive. Internal devices generally work faster and can be easier to use once installed in a computer. However, external drives can be easier to use with multiple computers and can be more secure against potential data theft. Choosing an internal or external hard drive largely depends on how you view the strengths and weaknesses of each device.
An external hard drive.
Data access speed
In general, an internal drive offers better speeds for accessing data and running software programs than an external drive. However, this can largely depend on different hard drive models, but a solid state drive (SSD), for example, inside a computer tower generally offers faster speeds than an external device. If you are considering an internal or external hard drive, you should compare the speeds between the different models and choose the fastest device you can.
An internal hard drive.
Storage and backup
A common strategy for keeping a backup of a primary or “C:” drive is to use two corresponding internal hard drives. In this case, the system maintains a real-time mirror of your C: drive to the second drive, providing constant backup support. If drive C: fails, simply remove it and make the secondary drive the new primary drive by adding a new drive in the secondary position.
An internal hard drive with the case removed.
You can also use a software utility program to capture an “image” of your C: drive so you can quickly rebuild it into a new device. An image is essentially a copy of your hard drive, including configuration files and all other content. Storing an image on an external drive is a great form of backup as it doesn’t take up space on your primary drive and can be updated regularly. That means an internal or external hard drive can back up your data as long as you use the right settings.
An internal SSD hard drive.
Information portability
An external drive can be easily moved between computers in a home or office. Memory cards are good for moving small amounts of data, but they don’t always offer the same flexibility as a portable hard drive with lots of memory. Although an internal hard drive can be moved from one computer to another, it requires opening both cases and may involve changing settings on each computer to recognize it correctly.
An external hard drive can be easily moved between multiple computers.
Privacy & Security
One of the best features of an external drive is that you don’t need to have it on hand all the time. This makes it ideal for loading and using programs that you want to keep safe from others or from malware. By keeping your financial programs, spreadsheets, and personal data on an external drive, you can turn it off when you browse the Internet and turn it on only when you need it. Plus, you can take it with you when you go on vacation for use with a laptop, lock it up at home, or remove it when the kids or roommates use the computer.
Data on an internal hard drive can be password protected, but this often takes more effort than simply unplugging a device. These passwords can also be vulnerable to attack and leave your information exposed to someone else. If you want an internal or external hard drive for sensitive data, an external device is often easier to protect.
Use one device for the other
However, one thing to consider is that both devices are usually interchangeable. An internal hard drive can be placed inside an “enclosure” that allows it to be easily connected to an external port on a computer. Similarly, most external drives can be opened, although this usually voids their warranty, and the internal hard drive can often be installed directly inside a computer. This means that a single device can function interchangeably as an internal or external hard drive with just a little modification.
External hard drives can be connected to computers with USB cables.
