A three-phase compressor is a machine that compresses air inside a storage tank to generate power for connected pneumatic tools, such as a nail gun.
A 3-phase compressor is a machine that compresses air inside a storage tank to generate power for attached pneumatic tools such as grinders or nail guns. This specialized machine does not use a basic single-winding motor; instead, it has three different electrical windings inside the motor housing to create a constant power supply for the three-phase compressor. Many large companies use this type of compressor for its durability and reliability.
Large auto repair facilities often have a three-phase compressor to power pneumatic tools.
These compressors use an alternating current (AC) electrical source to power the motor, such as power supplied from a normal electrical outlet; however, a three-phase compressor must have a dedicated AC supply in the form of three offset electrical pulses. Like ocean waves, three-phase electricity uses the crests of three different electrical pulses to provide a continuous power supply to the compressor. The machine never experiences a drop in power levels like a single-phase motor with a normal wall outlet would, effectively creating a stable power source for the heavy-duty compressor motor.
The basic operation of the three-phase compressor is similar to that of single-phase machines. The compressor motor forces outside air into the machine until the storage tank is densely packed with air molecules. A user connects a pneumatic tool to the machine; compressed air enters the tool to generate mechanical movement. Many companies use compressors because their versatility allows them to be used with multiple tools so employees don’t get tired of heavy tools that require individual motors.
A disadvantage of a three-phase compressor is the specific electrical supply. Most home shops and small businesses have normal single-phase power that comes from the utility company and pulses at every outlet. Larger businesses tend to have 3-phase power, especially if they run other 3-phase machines like welders and generators. A home hobbyist or small business would need to have three-phase power circuits installed in the shop to operate this type of compressor.
The main benefit of a three-phase compressor is the useful life. Constant electrical power to the compressor motor ensures that the mechanism remains in a stable state; the motor does not need to cycle on and off as with single phase power. As a result, the service life of the engine is greatly increased. Also, less current flows through the three electrical windings; This low current flow preserves winding performance to prevent premature failure and costly repairs.