Sandalwood is used in some perfumes.
Sandalwood is an aromatic tree native to the tropics of Asia. Some people use the term to refer generically to all trees in the Santalum genus, while others reserve it specifically for S. album, also known as white or Nepalese sandalwood. Many people around the world appreciate the tree and its products, as it has a distinctive, rich aroma that is used in a variety of perfumes, incense, and wood products. Unfortunately, this great popularity has threatened tree populations in Asia.
Sandalwood is a popular incense scent.
Members of the genus Santalum are hemiparasitic, meaning they are partially dependent on other species for valuable nutrients and water. These trees touch the roots of their target species, siphoning off useful materials. They are most widely found in relatively dry forests throughout Asia, and are all woody and produce colorful flowers. Many species develop fruits that are used in a variety of foods, including jellies and preserves. Some people grow these trees as ornamentals for their gardens, enjoying the bright flowers and characteristic red berries, as well as the foliage.
The heart of the sandalwood tree is harvested, ground, and then burned as incense.
As true sandalwood matures, it develops an aromatic oil. The oil takes about 15 years to develop and most people prefer to let the trees mature up to 80 years before harvesting, which ensures an ample supply of oil and allows the oil to fully penetrate the wood of the tree. Normally, sandalwood is harvested by tumbling, so that the oil from the lower part of the trunk is used. Because it is heavily harvested, the wood is nearly extinct in India and is considered an endangered species in other countries.
Australian sandalwood is most commonly used to make sandalwood products.
Sandalwood cultivation has been successful in some regions, although it requires a lot of effort and patience, as the trees must be able to mature. Host trees must also be planted to feed seedlings and require careful management to ensure they do not obscure developing trees. Conservation organizations encourage sandalwood cultivation, hoping that the valuable species will be preserved for the enjoyment of future generations.
Pure sandalwood oil is often available at health food stores, for use in preparing perfume blends or in aromatherapy diffusers. It is also mixed into incense blends, and some companies sell products made from wood, ranging from fans to chests. Since sandalwood naturally repels insects, many people like to store important items in boxes made from it.