At the “heart” of every computer is the CPU, or central processing unit, which is responsible for performing arithmetic and logic functions, as well as executing instructions for other components. The components of a CPU work together and depending on how they are performed determine exactly how fast these operations can be performed and how complex they can be. Each of the separate components of a CPU is relatively simple. Some of the main components of a CPU, also known as a microprocessor, are the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, and the registers.
A Central Processing Unit (CPU).
To begin with, the arithmetic logic unit is the part of the CPU that, as its name implies, performs the mathematical functions of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It is often thought that these functions are all that the CPU does in a computer, but this is not true. The ALU works together with, and as a main part of, the other components of a CPU to execute many complex processes. A CPU can contain more than one arithmetic logic unit, and these ALUs can also be used for the purpose of keeping timers to help operate the computer.
A CPU.
The control unit is another fundamental part of the CPU. Essentially, it regulates the flow of information through the processor. The functions a control unit performs can vary depending on what a particular CPU was built for. Mainly, this component receives, decodes, stores results and manages the execution of the data that flows through the CPU. More complex control units need to program when and how this large amount of information is to be processed and ensure that the data is sent to the correct computer components.
More components of a CPU that are vital to its operation are the registers, which are very small memory locations responsible for storing the data to be processed. The most important of these registers is known as the instruction pointer, which directs the CPU to the next memory location from which it should receive information. Another type of register is the accumulator, which is responsible for storing the next values that will be processed by the CPU. Together, all of these components of a CPU get faster, more compact, and more powerful as time goes on and technology advances.
