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Sometimes known as a toolmaker’s lathe, a universal lathe has the ability to set a part at compound angles. A simple lathe is a tool that uses two jaws to hold a workpiece in a horizontal or vertical position. A universal lathe is a multipurpose clamping device that adjusts to hold an irregularly shaped object. Typically, this gripping tool rotates and grips an item in diagonal, horizontal, or vertical positions. Manufacturers sell universal lathes in many sizes and configurations, and often customize lathes to fit a specific purpose.
There is no standard configuration for a universal lathe. Universal is a buzzword that many fabricators use to describe lathes that are more complex than a simple lathe. When purchasing one of these lathes, the buyer must consider the needs of his project. Some projects require stationary or permanently stationary lathes, while other projects may require handheld or mobile devices. Universal lathes are available with a variety of components, such as soft grip jaws for woodworking.
Some of the jobs that need universal lathes include CNC machines, milling machines, and other industrial machines; carpentry jobs large and small; and manufacture of fly fishing equipment. These lathes range in size from very large models with large jaws to very small tabletop models. Jewelers often install small universal lathes to hold pieces of jewelry during production. Some of these types of lathes have special accessories. For example, the fly fishing tackle maker’s vise and jeweler’s vise often have alligator-style collets and rubber or silicone-coated jaws.
One of the most practical components of many universal lathes is the rotary table. This allows the worker to adjust the working angle without removing the part from the vise or without repositioning the vise on the bench. Some lathes have multiple joints, allowing the worker to reposition the item horizontally, vertically, and diagonally simultaneously.
When buying a universal lathe, it is often useful to try it out. The jaws must hold securely without allowing the item to slip. If it is a portable vise, it must allow the worker to clamp it securely to a table or bench. Lathes sometimes tend to move while the operator is working on a project. This is not only annoying, but can be dangerous.
Some manufacturers sell accessories for their universal lathes. For example, a company that sells a universal lathe for making and customizing golf clubs offers accessories such as an extension, extra jaws, and a drip tray. Check with the manufacturer for accessories that may be available.