Firmware refers to read-only memory (ROM) chips that store permanent instructions. It boots computerized or digital devices, as ROM chips are non-volatile, meaning they don’t require a power source to store their contents. This differentiates it from random access memory (RAM), for example, which loses stored data on power down. Perhaps the most familiar example is the basic input/output system (BIOS) chip. The BIOS chip on a computer’s motherboard contains instructions that, when turned on, initialize the hardware, ensure that the components work, and ultimately implement the operating system to take over.
Firmware is read-only memory in computers and other electronic devices.
In the past, firmware chips could not be rewritten. When the BIOS became obsolete, the only option was to buy a new motherboard. The new chips would include the latest hardware so that the user is not limited to older drivers and other legacy technology when faced with inevitable upgrades.
A BIOS chip allows a computer to properly boot up the boot process.
It was clear that firmware that could be upgraded would be extremely beneficial. This was made possible with flash memory chips. With the BIOS written for this type of chip, a user can connect to the manufacturer’s website, download an update, and update the BIOS chip during boot to install a new set of instructions. All quality motherboards today have a flash BIOS.
Firmware is at the heart of virtually every popular digital device. Portable audio players, cell phones, personal digital assistants, digital cameras, and game consoles are just a few of the devices that use them. When shopping for electronics, consumers should be aware that if the chip can be upgraded, the product is often advertised as “upgradeable.” This is done online by connecting the device to a Universal Serial Bus (USB) or FireWire port on a computer system and following the instructions on the manufacturer’s website.
Upgradable firmware has extended the life of countless electronic devices by adding new features. However, upgrading chips can be risky because the device will not boot if the upgrade process is interrupted or corrupted. When upgrading, users should follow the instructions carefully and backup all important data in advance.
