Wireless LANs use ad hoc and infrastructure modes to connect devices to networks. While both modes allow computers and devices to connect to each other over a wireless network, infrastructure mode requires the use of an access point for this communication to take place. Ad hoc mode, on the other hand, uses a direct computer-to-computer connection and is more suitable for small home networks. Ad hoc mode involves connecting one computer directly to another computer, which is why it is often referred to as a peer-to-peer network.
A wireless router can be used as part of an infrastructure network.
Ad hoc and infrastructure modes differ greatly in network configuration. In an ad hoc network, each device’s network adapter communicates directly with other devices through the use of software. This software may be included with the device’s operating system or may be purchased from a third party. This provides a faster and cost-effective way to connect than using infrastructure mode. Another benefit of an ad hoc network is that connection speeds can be significantly faster than when using an infrastructure mode wireless access point.
Infrastructure networks consist of network devices and the wireless access point or wireless router. Each device must connect to the access point before it can access other computers on the network. Although ad hoc and infrastructure networks can provide a secure connection, infrastructure mode supports multiple encryption methods. Additional security features allow the use of passwords and allow computers to connect by verifying a device’s Media Access Control (MAC) address.
Another difference between ad hoc networks and infrastructure networks is in the area of scalability. The access point used with infrastructure mode can support multiple clients on wired and wireless networks. The direct connection method used with ad hoc mode is subject to interference and is not useful for a large corporate network. Also, ad hoc mode does not support wireless clients, so all computers will need wireless adapters. Wireless access points used in infrastructure mode can also support additional features such as Internet sharing, roaming, and the ability to expand a network using multiple access points.
Although infrastructure mode is generally more useful than ad hoc mode, wireless access points increase costs and increase the time for initial network setup. Another disadvantage is that the network speed will be slower than an ad hoc network because the data must travel to the access point before reaching another computer. However, large networks often benefit from using infrastructure mode.
