Various government agencies have established strict guidelines detailing the amount of time and acceptable exposure levels for zinc stearate.
Zinc stearate is a white, fluffy, powdery-looking chemical that is usually made up of a combination of stearic acid and zinc oxide. It does not have a strong odour, although traces of a slight fatty acid odor are not uncommon. It is sometimes called octadecanoic acid or zinc salt.
Because zinc stearate dissolves in alcohol and not in water-based liquids, it is used in many different types of commercial products. Its ability to repel water also makes it suitable for many types of applications. Due to this versatility, this substance is used by different types of companies, from plastic industries to concrete manufacturers.
Chronic exposure to zinc stearate may cause breathing difficulties and require the use of supplemental oxygen.
When used to make plastics, zinc stearate is combined with a co-stabilizing soap called Ba-Cd to help stabilize the plastic. It does this by mixing with the liquid, which helps make the material more fluid, called a plasticizer. This same process is also used in the cosmetic industry to make different types of makeup.
It also finds use in the paint industry, where zinc stearate is added to lacquers and paint coatings for use as a smoothing and sanding agent. For the manufacture of concrete, it is mixed as an additive for the waterproofing of concrete; This same process is also used to waterproof other products such as rock wool, textiles and paper products. Even when left in powder form, it can be used as a drying lubricant or powdering agent for rubber products.
Since zinc stearate is a chemical and is used in so many different types of products, there may be some concerns about its safety when used in cosmetics. Generally, only small amounts are considered safe for humans. When chronic exposure to large amounts occurs, it can cause respiratory problems, such as shortness of breath or acute pneumonitis.
Because of this possibility, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) have strict guidelines detailing the amount of time and acceptable levels of exposure that must be met by companies and their workers. These guidelines describe exactly how much zinc stearate contact workers can consume per hour, day, or week. If overexposure occurs, workers should wash the chemical from all affected skin areas and remove all contaminated clothing. Once the initial safety precautions have been taken, they receive medical treatment if necessary.